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Ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) occurs naturally in groundwaters at concentrations below 0.2 mg/L and up to 12 mg/L in surface waters, as a result of decomposition of organic matter. High concentrations of ammonia in surface waters are toxic to aquatic life and are indicative of contamination from industrial effluent, raw sewage and agricultural runoff. Ultimately the pH value of the water determines whether ammonia-nitrogen is found as NH4+, NH4OH or NH3. 1 In this application, the quantitative analysis of ammonia-nitrogen was performed using the LAMBDA 265? UV/Vis spectrophotometer and CHEMetrics ammonia nitrogen cell test.
Quantification methods for total protein are among the longest-established fundamental and important experiments of bioscience. UV/Vis Spectrophotometry is widely used for the determination of protein. This application note describes a typical protein method, the Bradford method. Data is rapidly acquired using the LAMBDA? 465 UV/Vis Spectrophotometer and processed using the UV Lab Software.
The FDA defines data integrity as "completeness, consistency, and accuracy of data. Complete, consistent, and accurate data should be attributable, legible, contemporaneously recorded, original or a true copy, and accurate (ALCOA)". ALCOA itself has evolved to ALCOA Plus, which incorporates two of the fundamental definition terms as stated by the FDA; complete, consistent, enduring, and available. Compliance with 21 CFR Part 11 is mandatory for pharmaceutical companies and their suppliers to sell products into the United States, and also applies to other related industries.
PerkinElmer's UV WinLab? Enhanced Security (ES) software platform for UV/Visible spectroscopy provides structural requirements and features to assist with the needs for ensuring data integrity and compliance. It affords the system owner the ability to comply with regulations and incorporate features into the validation plan to exhibit compliance. The purpose of this document is to demonstrate how UV WinLab ES meets the technical requirements for 21 CFR Part 11.
Nitrate ions react with 2,6-dimethyl phenol (DMP) in sulfuric and phosphoric solution to form 2,6-dimethyl-4-nitrophenol (Figure 2) which can be detected spectrophotometrically at 340 nm and is directly proportional to the nitrate-nitrogen concentration. The Merck test kit allows the concentration to be determined without the use of a calibration curve by multiplying the measured absorbance at 340 nm by a known factor. In this application, the quantitative analysis of nitrate was performed using the LAMBDATM 265UV-Vis spectrophotometer and Merck Spectroquant? cell test. The method used is analogous to DIN 38405-9.
We evaluated a 3M? visible mirror film for potential use in a new curved photovoltaic module using a LAMBDA 950 spectrophotometer with an ARTA accessory. In this application, the 3M? film must transmit near-infrared photons to the underlying silicon solar cells (where they will be converted directly to electricity) while reflecting visible photons to the focus of the module where they may be absorbed by, for example a wavelength-agnostic thermal absorber used to drive a heat engine.
Principle Total phosphoric compounds in water sample is changed to phosphate (PO4 -) form by oxidation. After treatment with ammonium molybdate ? ascorbic acid solution, blue color is created. This color is measured at 880 nm. In this application note, the quantitative analysis of total phosphorus (T-P) was performed by as-corbic acid method. Data are rapidly acquired using LAMBDA? 465 UV-Vis Spectrophotometer and processed using UV Lab? Software.
When a water sample containing nitrate ions is treated with brucine in sulfuric acid condition, a yellow compound is created. The quantity of nitrate nitrogen can be determined by measuring the absorbance of the yellow compound at 410 nm. In this application note, the quantitative analysis of Nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) was performed by Brucine method. Data was rapidly acquired using the LAMBDA? 465 UV/Vis Spectrophotometer and processed using the UV Lab? Software.
Chromium (VI) ions react with diphenylcarbazide in weakly phosphoric solution. The product, diphenylcarbazone, is a red-violet complex which can be detected photometrically at 550 nm. The chromate cell test kit is suitable for the concentration range of 0.11 – 4.46 mg/L chromate allowing the concentration of chromium(VI) in a water sample to be determined without the use of a calibration curve by multiplying the measured absorbance at 550 nm with a known factor.
In this application, the quantitative analysis of formaldehyde was successfully executed using the LAMBDA 265 UV/Vis spectrophotometer and Merck Spectroquant formaldehyde cell test kit. Principle Formaldehyde reacts with chromotropic acid in sulphuric solution to form a violet dye which can be detected photometrically at 565 nm. The formaldehyde cell test kit is appropriate for the concentration range of 0.10 to 8.00 mg/L formaldehyde allowing the concentration of formaldehyde in a water sample to be determined without the use of a calibration curve by multiplying the measured absorbance at 565 nm by a known factor.
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is used as an indirect measurement of the sum of oxidizable matter in water and measures the equivalent amount of oxygen required to oxidize organic compounds. Wastewater commonly contains organic compounds, as a result of industrial processes, which can oxidise in the presence of dissolved oxygen in the water. Low levels of dissolved oxygen can be detrimental to aquatic life but high levels may cause corrosion of metal pipes. It is important to use COD as an indicator of water quality. In this application, quantitative analysis of COD was performed using the LAMBDA 265TM UV-Vis spectrophotometer and Merck Spectroquant? COD mercury free cell test.
The measurement of the band gap of materials is important in the semiconductor, nanomaterial and solar industries. This note demonstrates how the band gap of a material can be determined from its UV absorption spectrum.
Iron is rarely found in its elemental form in nature due to the high tendency of its ions, Fe(II) and Fe(III), to form oxygen and sulphur containing compounds. Concentrations of iron found in surface waters are typically no greater than 1 mg/L, unless contaminated by industrial effluents, whilst much higher concentrations are found in ground waters. The World Health Organization guideline for iron in drinking water is 0.3 mg/L as undesirable bacteria growth in water systems occurs above this concentration. In this application, the quantitative analysis of iron was performed using the LAMBDA 265? UV/Vis spectrophotometer and CHEMetrics iron cell test kit.